Rocks are hard materials. For the excavation of rocks, pointed and harder equipment are required. In road construction, excavation of rock is also a primary work of earth work. The excavation of rocks can be done with the following equipment:
1. Jack Hammer
A jackhammer is a pneumatic or electro-mechanical tool that combines a hammer directly with a chisel. Hand-held jackhammers are generally powered by compressed air, but some are also powered by electric motors. Larger jackhammers, such as rig mounted hammers used on construction machinery, are usually hydraulically powered. typically used to break up rock. A jackhammer operates by driving an internal hammer up and down. The hammer is first driven down to strike the back and then back to return the hammer to the original position to repeat the cycle. The effectiveness of the jackhammer is dependent on how much force is applied to the tool. During excavation of rock by using jack hammer, the rock will be excavated in the form of combination of dust to stone blocks. The produced materials after excavation has so many uses in road construction. There high risk to eye of operator from fractured pieces of rocks, so high care shall be taken during operation of jack hammer. The operator must wear the safety helmets, boots, globes and spectacles etc. It is generally used like a hammer to break the hard surface or rock in construction works and it is not considered under earth moving equipment, along with its accessories:
2. Hydraulic Breakers
A breaker is a powerful percussion hammer fitted to an excavator for demolishing concrete structures or rocks. It is powered by an auxiliary hydraulic system from the excavator, which is fitted with a foot-operated valve for this purpose. Additionally. demolition crews employ the hoe ram for jobs too large for jackhammering or areas where blasting is not possible due to safety or environmental issues. Breakers are often referred to as “hammers”, “peckers”, “hoe rams” or “hoe rammers.” These terms are popular and commonly used amongst construction for the excavation of rocks. During excavation of rock, the angle of inclination of needle must be set with the inclination of joints and strata of rock. If it is not cured properly, the excavation will not be economical and will not be completed within the specified time duration. So, the breaking efficiency of the breaker depends on the angle of inclination along with the rock strata, joints, faults etc. The breaking of stones, will result production of different sized stone particles from dust to boulder sizes. The dust and gravel can be used for the sub base course materials and stone blocks and boulders can be used for the construction of various structures with stone.
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