1.2

Water is a colorless, odorless, and tasteless liquid found in seas, lakes, rivers, and rain. It is the basis of life for all organisms. Sanitation refers to clean drinking water and proper sewage disposal. Together, they ensure good-quality water, minimizing bacterial infections.

Human health and hygiene depend on clean water and a clean environment. Poor sanitation, such as improper disposal of human excreta, pollutes water sources and causes diseases like diarrhea, schistosomiasis, and hepatitis. Proper sanitation systems (toilets, septic tanks, sewers) mitigate these risks.

Importance of Water and Sanitation:

• Reduces deaths from diarrheal diseases (90% of victims are children under 5).
• Prevents infections like schistosomiasis and hepatitis.
• Minimizes water-related diseases (waterborne, water-washed, water-based, etc.).